Road lighting system design
China Lighting Electrical Appliances Road Lighting System Design Huang Peirong (Quanzhou Urban Planning and Design Institute, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000) 1 Landscape design Road lighting design should not be limited to the illumination requirements, but should have a deeper understanding, should be used as a city landscape Construction comes to design. Therefore, it is required to express the characteristics of buildings along the street, the characteristics of the ground greening, and the urban humanities and environment. Therefore, it is required to comprehensively understand the functions, architectural styles, structural features, surface decoration materials, and the surrounding environment of buildings along the street. And actively communicate with the architects and landscape architects to reflect the style and intention of the architectural design as much as possible, and to reflect the lines and three-dimensional effects of the building through the change of brightness and the difference of colors, to attract the attention and guide people to the landscape. The near psychological effect reflects the concept of lighting aesthetics as much as possible.
2 Electrical design The main technical quality indicators of road lighting design are: average illuminance Er, road surface average brightness Lr, total uniformity V., glare control index G and inductivity.
2.1 Road Lighting Standards After receiving a road lighting design project, the road grade should be determined first, and then the lighting standards should be determined with reference to Table 1.
2.2 Light source and luminaire selection Road lighting should be based on the requirements of green lighting, using a high-efficiency light source. Specifically, the expressway and the municipal roads with low color requirements should adopt low-pressure sodium lamps or high-pressure sodium lamps; the streets with high color recognition requirements such as the city center and commercial centers can use metal halide lamps or medium color type and high High-pressure sodium lamps with color development; high pressure sodium lamps should be used for other roads.
According to the requirements of the road to string light limit in Table 1, choose the appropriate luminaire, and consider the use of better luminaires with decorative and functional combination. It is required to adopt waterproof and dustproof level and wear resistance in places with harsh environmental conditions. Or luminaires with shock absorption measures.
Table 1 Road lighting standard brightness illuminance level Another road type average brightness Lav uniformity average illuminance Eav string light limit induced fast lanes are strictly prohibited to use non-cutting lamps, very good main roads are strictly prohibited to use non-cutting lamps, good times can not be used Non-cutting lamps should not be used for non-cutting lamps. (9) Residential roads and sidewalks are not restricted by lamps. Note: The average illuminance listed in Table 1 is only applicable to asphalt pavements. For the pavement, the average illuminance value can be reduced by 20% and 30%. 4 The values ​​in the table are only applicable to dry roads.
2.3 Lighting Design Lighting design is the core of road lighting. It includes the following contents: 2.3.1 Lighting method The general installation height of pole lighting is below 15 meters. In order to achieve uniform distribution of road illumination, different types of light distribution lamps are used according to different According to the configuration method, the installation height (h), the installation pitch (S) of the lamp, and the width between the road width (W) are limited to a certain range, which can basically meet the requirements, and the road is appropriately added at the intersection. Illuminance, then calculate the illuminance according to the illuminance. The configuration of the lighting mode is shown in Table 2. The Chinese lighting appliance has a clear visual condition for the direction, route and related features of the road ahead. In order to obtain better inductivity, the arrangement of the lighting fixtures and the roads should be arranged as neatly as possible. In the curved part of the road, they should be arranged side by side or oppositely arranged, so as not to be staggered as much as possible so as not to correctly predict the line shape of the road ahead. Going forward, creating insecurities.
Moreover, the spacing of the lamps should not be too long, too long and the inductivity is worse, and vice versa.
In order to attract the attention of pedestrians, different light sources are generally used at the intersections of roads or at the branches of roads to enhance the guiding role. At the same time, road signal signs are required to be improved to enhance the identification of road conditions.
2.3.3 Illumination Calculation Table 2 Types of Illuminator Configuration Standard Photographing Mounting Height (m) Mounting Spacing (m) Mounting Height Mounting Spacing Mounting Height Mounting Spacing Side Arranged Staggered Relatively Rectangular Arrangement Note: Table. Is the road width value.
Cut-off type half-cut type open configuration Three-phase power supply: I, single-phase power supply: / * 220 According to the configuration of the above lighting fixtures according to the "Urban Road Lighting Design Standards" 45-91 brightness coefficient method for illumination design Nuclear, if the standard requirements are not met, the design parameters should be adjusted accordingly. If necessary, the illuminance calculation software should be used for the design.
2.4 Power supply and control mode 2.4.1 Power supply The power supply for the road lighting system is generally provided by 10KV opening and closing near the municipal road. There are two types of three-phase power supply and single-phase power supply. The three-phase power supply radius is larger and the line loss is higher. Small, so in the case that the control method is not high, it has a large scope of application, generally used for highways and highways. However, since it is difficult to ensure the three-phase balance of the power supply, the municipal road lighting uses a single-phase power supply mode. Single-phase power supply is the balance of the power supply system through the whole city. There is no problem of three-phase unbalance for a single road lighting system, and the control design can be flexibly controlled according to needs.
2.4.2 Control mode The control methods of the road lighting system include timing control, photoelectric control and manual control. In general, both timing control and photoelectric control are required to be combined with manual control to effectively cut off the power supply during maintenance or accidents.
Photoelectric control is to use the light control switch to automatically turn on or off the light according to the amount of light in the environment. It has the advantages of energy saving and flexible control, but the reliability is poor, often caused by environmental factors, and the timing control is fixed clock. Or the microcomputer controller to control the opening and closing of the luminaire is relatively mature control method, which can adjust the lighting time according to people's needs and seasonal changes.
In order to save energy, road lighting should be controlled as much as possible, generally according to the following segments: fast, slow lane lighting, where fast and slow lane lighting is divided into long night lighting and midnight lighting. Moreover, road lighting control should be controlled on a side-by-side basis according to the service radius requirements.
2.4.3 Capacity calculation The number of bulbs (set) can be selected from 70%~80% of the rated capacity using the special street lamp transformer load rate. Therefore, the installed capacity of the transformer should be divided by the value of the above formula divided by 0.7~2.5 cable selection cable. It should be considered from the aspects of current carrying capacity, voltage loss and mechanical strength.
2.5.1 Current carrying capacity Calculated according to the design capacity of each circuit: Ep EP circuit total capacity (A) cos 2 voltage loss check according to the specification: the end voltage of the low voltage lighting line should not be lower than 90% of the rated voltage or not It should be lower than the 95% requirement of the starting voltage and calculated by the current torque method: the voltage loss AU% is the voltage loss of IL VU% per 1A.Km, and the current torque can be checked. When the three-phase transformer is used for power supply, the voltage loss is vU. % is 3 mechanical strength check Because the street light cable is installed outdoors, it must have sufficient mechanical strength to ensure the safety of the design, so mechanical strength check must be performed.
3 Mechanical structure design The lighting pole design must have sufficient mechanical strength requirements: ambient temperature -40*C~40*C, ambient wind speed 40~50m/s, anti-seismic level 8 and corrosion resistance for 30 years.
All metal structural parts of lighting equipment shall be treated by hot dip zinc anti-corrosion process. All fasteners shall be made of stainless steel or galvanized material. The thickness of hot-dip galvanized galvanized layer shall be greater than 86Ln, and the surface of pole of hot rod after hot dip galvanizing The zinc layer should be smooth, uniform, firm, burr-free, and free from dandruff.
4 Civil engineering design The civil engineering design of road lighting project consists of two parts: 4.1 Basic design The basic requirements of street lighting require certain impact resistance and wind resistance. It is required to design according to the geological data of the site and the local basic wind pressure value. The volume and depth of burial can meet the requirements.
42 Cable laying Road lighting is generally buried by cable. When crossing the road, it is necessary to provide a protective pipe. The protective pipe should be made of street lamp special power pipe or galvanized steel pipe instead of ordinary plastic pipe to avoid flattening during construction or Crushing, causing trouble for future threading and maintenance. If the lighting cable is installed in the green belt, it is best to wear the tube protection to prevent the cable from being damaged by the green crop or the cable construction and maintenance damage to the greening.
5 Protection measures The safety of road lighting systems is a problem that must be taken very seriously. Since the lamp poles are generally made of metal and exposed directly to the outside, sufficient measures should be taken to ensure the safety of electricity.
5.1 Vertical grounding body setting In the base corner of each streetlight, no less than one <12x1000mm galvanized round steel grounding pole is inserted, and the lamp pole body and the grounding body are reliably electrically connected. An artificial grounding body is placed next to the transformer and control box. Five galvanized angle steels L50505, =2500mm and a pitch of 5m are used as vertical grounding bodies, and a 40x4 galvanized flat steel is used as the horizontal grounding body. 5.2 Horizontal grounding body setting One core (\16mm2) in the cable is used as the independent protection wire (PE wire) to be reliably welded to all the light poles and reliably connected to the transformer grounding body.
5.3 Street lamp single pole control Each street lamp should be provided with a separate short circuit protection, which is generally realized by a fuse set in the lamp holder.
5.4 Grounding resistance According to the specification, the street lamp grounding resistance R is always the case. The design of the road lighting system is a complete system project. It contains many problems, requires designers to have more comprehensive knowledge, and the design concept needs to be constantly updated. Designers should take it more seriously to achieve the desired results.
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