What are the main factors affecting PCB design?
When I grew up, I was fascinated by everything about Super Mario, but honestly, who is not. Specifically, I am Super Nintendo, the old-school version of the idiot. From the platform to the boundary of the platform, toss the pixelated turtle shell to save the princess... what a wonderful life. There is no doubt that the best, though one of the strangest parts of the game is getting in and out of those little green tubes that seem to be scattered all over the place. Who made it? Why are they even there?
Strangely, after almost an entire childhood, I found myself staring at the circuit board and asking myself the exact same question. The small holes that seemed to be nowhere to be seen were almost all in a mess. Enter blind vias, buried vias and through-hole vias.
As we continue to discuss the fact that the world is forcing our designs into smaller and smaller spaces (same story, different day), we continue to learn new and exciting technologies and manufacturing advancements that enable us to meet these Secular needs. From multi-layer board stacking to changes in dimensions, we will further push the shell by introducing blind vias, buried vias and through-hole vias.
Blind and buried vias: single or poisoned mushrooms?
Setting out to discover where each green tube goes, not knowing which secret room you enter last is only half the fun, isn't it? Don't worry, although the purpose of Super Mario is to make you guess from green tube to green tube, designing your PCB (hopefully) is just the opposite. We should know exactly where and why the holes are placed on the PCB without having to look at a thick strategy book.
A through hole is a hole that passes through a trace on a PCB layer, and its sole purpose is to connect to another trace on another layer. They are usually found in multi-layer PCBs, which require each layer to be connected in one way or another.
There are three different versions of vias that can be incorporated into any multilayer PCB:
Blind vias: They connect the outer layer of the PCB to the inner layer of the PCB, but no further. Therefore, if we have a four-layer PCB, the first two layers will have holes drilled through the traces, but not the third or fourth layer.
Buried vias: They connect two or more internal layers to each other. Again, in our four-layer PCB, the second and third layers will be drilled and connected, while the outer layers (the first and fourth layers) will not show any holes and look like the board The blank spot.
Vias: As you might have deciphered by now, these are drilled verbatim through the entire board to connect the first and fourth layers of the outer layer (or other combinations that connect the four layers together).
Similar to Mario's green tube, the through hole passes through the PCB and connects the multi-layer trace wiring.
Encourage the growth of your design through understanding correctly
For the overall task of saving the princess, it does not seem to be important, except for the fact that these green tubes do not seem to be of any benefit, because it is so satisfying to jump in. On the other hand, Vias plays a vital role in multilayer PCBs.
Many times, it is better again in this small age, and we are left with the task of saving as much space as possible. With vias, we are theoretically now able to bypass all the spaces on the top layer to steal the trace route (all our components are sitting there) and route everything needed in the second, third or even fourth layer. For designers looking for space-saving techniques, this may be a godsend.
When implementing blind vias, buried vias or through-hole vias on your circuit board, another benefit you will get is to reduce the parasitic capacitance between the traces, otherwise it will cause serious damage to your design. This reduced parasitic capacitance is due to the improvement of shortening the traces. Although not necessarily the main reason, if the design is correct, you will definitely benefit from adding vias to the design.
Drilling tolerances must be very precise to successfully implement vias in the design.
Other considerations before passing the application
Although you may jump out of your seat and look for the sign-in location, grab your horse, because adding filters to your design has some disadvantages (why are there always disadvantages?!).
Vias and multilayer boards are carried together. When performing any operations on multiple circuit boards, cost factors must be considered. This includes drilling through holes in exactly the same position, not just one hole, but two, three, or even four boards. If there is even a slight tolerance error in the drilling and stacking process, the circuit board may also be rubbish.
To alleviate this situation, manufacturers must reduce their machinery and tolerances to a fraction of a millimeter, which of course will increase the cost of the manufacturing and assembly process. As always, be sure to contact your manufacturer as far in advance as possible to get its limitations and capabilities before you walk through the rabbit hole (or green tube, whichever you prefer).
Is Vias suitable for your design?
This advancement in PCB design is not at the forefront, nor is it high-tech, but if you want to go this way, you should consider it carefully. The complexity, cost, and overall implementation challenges they can add may make some people run on the mountain. However, if implemented correctly, you will get countless space savings, reduced parasitic capacitance and the usually awesome Super Mario inspired board.
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