Expert: Pearl River Delta enterprises should improve their credit system
With the spread of the financial crisis and the adjustment of the macro economy, new problems have occurred in the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises: banks have increased their financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises, and some banks have issued task targets, which have failed to pass a one-vote veto; on the contrary, some enterprises have Due to the difficult operating environment, the suspension of production and closures has intensified, and bank credit has been refused. There have also been signs of deliberate evasion of debts, and social credit risks are increasing.
The author learned from interviews in Guangzhou, Dongguan, Foshan and other places in the Pearl River Delta. With the spread of the financial crisis and the adjustment of the macro economy, the financing problem of SMEs has undergone new changes: banks have increased financial support for SMEs, and some banks have issued On the contrary, some enterprises have vetoed one vote. On the contrary, due to the difficult operating environment, the suspension of production and closure has intensified, and the bank credit has been refused. There have also been signs of deliberate evasion of debts, and social credit risks are increasing.
Experts believe that the government, banks, and enterprises should strengthen interaction. It is recommended that relevant departments list the list of enterprises that need to be supported, implement separate management of small enterprise credit, increase the recovery of escaped debts, and increase the innovation of financial products. Improve the construction of the credit system of SMEs.
Increased credit risk, some enterprises refused to lend
A person from the Guangdong Banking Regulatory Bureau said that since 2008, there has been no problem with the banking institutions within the jurisdiction of the bureau. On the contrary, with the increasing impact of the financial crisis on the real economy, the business environment of SMEs has further deteriorated, and the number of SMEs that have closed down, stopped production, closed down and moved out has been increasing, and credit risks are also increasing. Some banks have reported that some high-quality SME customers' investment and expansion of their willingness to reproduce have fallen sharply, and the demand for funds has plummeted. In the survey, the reporter learned that there are three new situations in the current SME financing problem:
The closure of SMEs has intensified, and some enterprises have refused to lend. Statistics from the Guangdong Provincial Small and Medium Enterprises Bureau show that in the first three quarters of 2008, 7148 enterprises were shut down, closed down, closed and transferred in Guangdong. However, after entering October, the economic indicators of small and medium-sized enterprises in the province turned sharply and closed down. The number of small and medium-sized enterprises that have gone out of business and moved out has been increasing. As of October, the number has risen to 15,661, doubled in one month. The reporter learned from Guangdong ICBC that due to the drastic changes in the business environment, investment environment and sales environment, some high-quality SME customers' investment and expansion of their willingness to reproduce have fallen sharply, and the demand for funds has dropped sharply. The specific performance is as follows: First, the bank has approved the loan but the enterprise is unwilling to withdraw the money; the second is that the enterprise returns the bank's unexpired loan in advance, and the third is the bank's proposed approval but the enterprise suspends the application for the loan. According to preliminary statistics, in September-November 2008, the total amount of SME loans that Guangdong ICBC could not launch due to the above three conditions totaled about 2.2 billion yuan.
Enterprises have deliberately evaded their debts and the social credit risk has increased. Yang Nanchang, deputy director of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Guangdong Branch, said that due to the unfavourable factors such as the domestic and international economic and financial situation and the complicated internal and external operating environment, most of the SMEs have higher operating costs, lower profits, and uncertain SME credit risks. The factors have also increased significantly. After September 2008, individual companies even deliberately fled their debts, which made it more difficult for banks to manage the loans of small and medium-sized enterprises, resulting in an increase in the balance of non-performing loans and an increase in loan risks. It is expected that the asset quality of SME loans will still face greater pressure in 2009. Some of the two foreign-invested enterprises and export-oriented SMEs may continue to deteriorate, which will put more challenges on the risk control ability of commercial banks.
The financing channels are narrow and the endogenous financing is insufficient. According to relevant sources of the Guangdong Banking Regulatory Bureau, according to the survey, more than 90% of small business financing in Dongguan is borrowed through banks. Most small enterprises regard bank loans as the main form or even the only form to obtain the source of corporate funds, and rarely use other financing channels such as agreement investment, small equity transfer, and financial leasing. For example, a small technology-based enterprise that produces biological products in Dongguan, with 43 employees, rents a factory, and the annual sales volume of the products is 200-300 tons. Recently, the company plans to invest in a 500,000 yuan equipment reconstruction project, but failed to take equipment through the intermediary company. Leasing or solving the problem of financing tension by dispersing the equity of some companies and attracting local surplus capital.
SMEs have a skill to get financial support
The impact of the financial crisis has brought shocks to many industries. The most direct impact is the decline in orders and the difficulty in business operations. In the survey, the reporter found that some small and medium-sized enterprises with the skills are more likely to obtain financial support from banks or other institutions. Mr. Zhu, the person in charge of a viscose products company in Foshan, said that in October 2008, it was the turning point in operation. Recently, one-third of the production capacity has been suspended, and workers are on holiday. Unexpectedly, after the US financial crisis, there were more people eating instant noodles in the local area, and there was an urgent need for matching plastic products. Recently, the company got a loan from ICBC in time, and set up a new production line for instant noodles supporting plastic products, which has now become the main support point for enterprises.
Some companies look for opportunities in the crisis and take the lead in emerging industries, and they are equally popular with banks or other institutions. Li Xuliang, chairman of Dongguan Qinshang Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. said that in fact, the overall environmental management difficulties of the company began two or three years ago. Affected by factors such as rising raw material prices, appreciation of the renminbi, and declining international demand, some SMEs face major difficulties in cash flow and production and operation, and many SMEs have closed down. Diligently, the company has been upgrading from traditional lighting to semiconductor lighting since 2004. At present, Qinshang Optoelectronics has become the national standard for the development of semiconductor lighting in China and the formulation of local standards. In the industry, it has led the development standards and trends of the green lighting industry. In 2008, the company has achieved leap-forward development in the market. At the end of 2008, it received orders of more than 300 million yuan. It has won the favor of many venture capital institutions and bank funds at home and abroad.
Yang Nanchang, deputy director of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Guangdong Branch, believes that SME business will become one of the focus of bank competition. If large enterprises are the backbone of banking business, then SMEs are the flesh and blood of banking business, and banks also need to find quality SME customers. Increase the financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises, not only the credit line, it is dry rice, useful but can not solve the thirst; the key depends on the accumulated loans, see the balance of the loan, these figures are less than tens of billions of billions of dollars Credit line, but these are porridge, which can save lives. In order to promote the issuance of loans for SMEs, the provincial branch of the company specializing in serving small and medium-sized enterprises will conduct supervision to help solve problems encountered in business development, and at the same time implement a one-vote veto assessment plan for relevant responsible persons. As long as the SME loan task is not completed, the annual assessment will be rejected.
It is recommended to give individual management to SME loans.
Many government officials, banking industry insiders and corporate leaders interviewed by reporters believe that under the current situation, it is necessary to break through the financing bottleneck of SMEs and help SMEs overcome difficulties. They must have innovative discouragement, and political and banking enterprises will form a synergy. SMEs credit management, risk prevention, product innovation and other aspects to explore a new path for the national conditions.
First of all, increase the financial and taxation policy support for small enterprises or banking institutions, and manage the SME loans separately. A person from the Guangdong Banking Regulatory Bureau said that compared with large enterprises, small banks are facing higher costs and risks in issuing loans. It is recommended to give individual management to SME loans and to give more flexible policies in the write-off of non-performing loans. Banks that grant credit to small enterprises should be exempted from the preferential policy of two-year business tax, reduce the operating costs and risk pressure of the banks; implement preferential policies for the reduction and exemption of all taxes and fees for small enterprises that are dominant and disadvantaged, or tax on the generated transactions. Retreat.
Secondly, banks should strengthen their interactions, and banks can establish a red list of credits and take the initiative to help enterprises find opportunities in crisis. Experts believe that under the current severe macroeconomic situation, some enterprises that actively refuse bank credit are rather good enterprises that are rationally developed and actively contracted, and should become long-term excellent customers of banks. These companies have no willingness to invest in the short term, but they can provide a certain credit line for these companies, so that enterprises can directly convert into capital loans when needed. Compared with some enterprises that evade debts, these enterprises have good credit records and can enter the credit red list. In the future, banks should enjoy certain preferential treatment when they conduct credit approval, or they can enter the green channel of loans to shorten the approval time. In addition, banks can also use the current M&A loans to open up, strengthen interaction with enterprises, share resources, support enterprises to seek opportunities to conduct industrial chain mergers and acquisitions, provide M&A loans for powerful enterprises, and overcome difficulties and common development with enterprises.
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