FPGA-based fatigue driving detection system

Driver fatigue driving is one of the important causes of traffic fatalities. At present, there are several methods for detecting fatigue driving, such as detecting the driver's physiological change index, the driver's external characteristic change, or the driver's behavior and the change of the vehicle's motion characteristics. This project uses the acceleration sensor to detect fatigue driving, and uses FPGA as the embedded control core to control the acceleration sensor to collect the steering acceleration of the vehicle and the movement state of the driver's head. After the data is processed by relevant algorithms, the driver fatigue is obtained. The value is displayed on the TFT display. When the fatigue value exceeds the preset value, a voice prompt will be given, and the user can operate through the touch screen input. The system has the characteristics of accuracy, convenience and low cost, and has great social and commercial value.

1.1 Research background

1.1.1 Social hazards of fatigue driving

Driving fatigue refers to the driver's dysfunction of physiology and mental function after continuous driving for a long time, and the phenomenon of driving skills declines objectively. The driver's sleep quality is poor or insufficient, and driving the vehicle for a long time is prone to fatigue. Driving fatigue affects the driver's attention, feeling, perception, thinking, judgment, will, decision, and movement. If you continue to drive the vehicle after fatigue, you will feel sleepy and drowsiness, limb weakness, inattention, decreased judgment, and even the appearance of mental paralysis or instant memory disappearing, unsuccessful factors such as late or premature action, improper operation or improper correction time. Extremely prone to road traffic accidents.

Statistical analysis of traffic accidents shows that driver fatigue driving is one of the important causes of traffic fatal accidents. Accident statistics in Japan reveal that accidents caused by fatigue account for about 1 to 1.5%. The accident report of the French National Police Agency showed that accidents caused by fatigue and drowsiness accounted for 14.9% of personal injury accidents and 20.6% of fatal accidents. On the expressway, more than 90% of the cases caused by traffic accidents caused by fatigue driving from January to December 2010 were caused by the fatigue driving of freight drivers.

Therefore, detecting fatigue driving is of great significance in preventing the occurrence of traffic accidents.

1.1.2 Advantages of fatigue sensor based on acceleration sensor detection

At present, there are mainly the following methods for detecting fatigue driving:

Using physiological sensors to detect physiological changes in the driver's indicators, such as EEG, ECG, heart rate, breathing, etc.;

Detecting changes in the external characteristics of the driver during fatigue driving, such as blinking or nodding;

Detecting driver behavior and changes in vehicle motion characteristics caused by it, such as shifting, throttle and vehicle acceleration, position in the vehicle lane, and the like.

The fatigue driving detection method using the acceleration sensor belongs to the third type. Among the existing products, the first one will use an invasive physiological sensor, which makes the driver very uncomfortable, so the scope of use is very limited; the second is mainly to use machine vision to detect blinking or pupil size changes, its The advantage is that the detection accuracy is high, but it is greatly affected by the external environment such as light. The third type belongs to the on-board sensor, so it is very convenient to use and can be integrated into the vehicle, which has broad application prospects.

1.1.3 Application development

When the product is mature enough, it will be widely used.

If networking is achieved, when an abnormal vehicle motion state occurs and it is determined to be a traffic accident, an alarm can be realized, and other vehicles can be notified to avoid traffic congestion;

If the driver's fatigue driving behavior can be recorded and transmitted to the transportation department, it can be used as a driver's credit record to facilitate traffic department management and law enforcement.

1.2 Project Significance

In today's "car-by-car" and rapid development of logistics, it is of great significance to detect fatigue driving, prevent traffic accidents, and escort every family, which is conducive to maintaining social stability. The fatigue driving detection method by detecting the motion characteristics of the vehicle has the characteristics of accuracy, convenience, and low cost. However, at present, there is no fatigue driving detection system that detects the motion characteristics of the vehicle in the world, and the appearance of the fatigue driving detector based on the acceleration sensor fills up. In this regard, research has great social and commercial value.

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