Italian expert Paolo Dario: robot partner will come true in 18 years

NetEase smart news August 25 news, recently, 2017 World Robot Conference held in Beijing. At the conference, Paolo Dario, a professor at Santa Ana University in Pisa, Italy, gave a report on How Science Fiction Turns into Reality, expounding the relationship between science fiction films and real life. Paolo Dario said that in 2035, 18 years later, we want to make this kind of robot companion true, while avoiding the robot out of control situation. "I am more positive and optimistic. On the one hand, let the robot be our partner. On the other hand, it is very important to think ahead of time about what the risk is." Paolo Dario said.

The following is a record of a lecture given by Professor Paolo Dario of Santa Ana University in Pisa, Italy:

Paolo Dario: I'm very happy to be able to attend this conference. When I was a kid, I really liked these science fiction stories and I was inspired by them. After that, I began to do science projects and so on. I turned some dreams into reality and developed some of them. Robot system. We should not forget what some extremely forward-looking people have said. Some of them have predicted that something may happen in the future.

"I,Robot" is a 2004 movie that contains valuable ideas and even some very realistic things. For robotics researchers, there were things we didn't observe very seriously at the time. There is a book written in the 1950s and 1950s. The contents of the book and the movie are somewhat different. They focus on the influence of the robot. The movie describes a world where people and machines interact, but the degree of mutual influence is acceptable. In 2035, we will experience a new round of development. For example, industrial robots will be implemented and used on a large scale. The development of the second wave of robots will include the emergence of artificial intelligence or new concepts, as well as the technology of artificial sensing and other sensors. These may drive the development of service robots. Now we will go through the development of the third wave of robots, which is to use some completely new concepts, that is, the body of the robot will be more intelligent, it will also use some perceptual science, new materials, and the robot can be connected to the Internet.

Europe is currently studying the direction of robotic accompaniment, and even some flagship projects are moving in this direction. There is also the possibility of investing 1 billion euros in the coming decade to develop in this direction. The "Made in China 2025" plan is similar, and it is probably such a time period. This is not easy. We are only 30 kilometers away from Fenzi, but we also have some posters here that show people what the past robots would look like. Leonardo da Vinci was a very visionary man. At the time he was a scientist. The ideas he proposed had become a reality, including helicopters and robots. Science fiction can actually affect many people too. Professor Ezo once received an interview and talked about some of his previous inspirations, even before he started to study robots. We should not underestimate the contents of science fiction, because it also provides inspiration for many people who have already begun to research and manufacture robots.

Predicting the future is not an easy task. I like the film “Blade Runner” very much, because the car can fly, but such a flying car needs to be controlled, so it was only in 1982 when There is no smart phone yet, so use a fixed phone to control. We know that some sci-fis are very accurate. In 1940 there was a book about robots, which made a better prediction of the development of the robot. For example, the robot will become a friend of a child. The robot is very friendly and friendly. Today we have seen many examples. The robot can be used as a companion for children and the elderly. This is where humans and robots interact, so these things are happening. Robots have the ability to sense, but robots also need to regulate management.

What is the difference between progressive and disruptive innovation? It is simple to predict gradual changes. Everyone understands Moore's Law, which is the principle proposed by Intel's Moore, that is, semiconductor crystal wafers will double every two years. This is relatively easy to predict, but no one predicted the creation of the World Wide Web, or the appearance of iPhone, Facebook, Twitter, WeChat, and Google, because they had a major impact on society and the economy at once. Asimov also stated in his book "Foundation" that science can be used to predict the future. The history of psychology includes other sciences that can help us predict the future, but in the same book It also describes the arrival of a new Transformer era and mentions that the arrival of such an era will produce a subversive change. Jobs is such a deformer, he came to a very mature mobile phone market, in fact, completely revolutionized the market, is the introduction of two concepts, making the iPhone has become a ubiquitous product, Nokia has no way to deal with this A disruptive innovation was finally defeated.

Let's take a look at the book of Asimov robots. There are many possibilities mentioned in the future. Angerberg turned this technology into its own invention and then combined it with mechanical equipment to create the first real human being. The robot, which is also the father of our robot, won the Nobel Prize a few years later. Angerberg also predicted the emergence of service robots, using other technologies, such as network technology and smart phone technology, cloud computing technology, etc., as well as driverless technology. Driverless cars can be seen as a type of service robot that is also integrated with cloud computing and may eventually reach Asimov's predictions. This is the case of Chicago in 2035 described in his book. Everyone can take a closer look. What is the robot doing? Can walk dogs, do cleaners, help people. So what are we going to achieve in 2035 after 18 years? We want to make this kind of robot companion true, while avoiding the robot out of control situation. I am more positive and optimistic. On the one hand, let the robot be our partner. On the other hand, it is very important that we need to think ahead about its risks.

There are two kinds of robots in this movie: one is NS4, which is a good robot and is done according to the rules of human beings. The other is NS5. This kind of robot does not listen to humans and it is out of control, causing disasters to humans. Here are some key technologies we want to consider. I don't have time to describe them in detail for all these technologies, but these technologies are our roadmap. We can see that what we are doing now is analyzing what we have already done. Now that our model is more humanoid robots, it is currently developing rapidly. Its flexibility is slightly lower than that of humans. However, the flexible robot we are currently talking about is not the degree of freedom of action but its flexibility. Therefore, it is very important that we are currently concerned about the issue of energy consumption. People are very concerned about this. We cannot say that all these energy sources are spent, and that robots can be more sustainable and consume less energy. These are the distances between now and 2035. If we only rely on our progressive development principles, we may not achieve that goal, but we are very confident that through disruptive innovations such as the emergence of the iPhone, we may have a leapfrog development, otherwise it would be a linear one. development of.

In fact, the same is true for power. This is a weightlifter. We use the earliest robot. Its power is 0.001. Now Boston's power robot is 0.1 and human is 1.4. So it is already smart. Besides smart, we also have It needs its power and energy. Then there is the problem of materials. The flexible robots have just been introduced. This is our current solution, which is multi-functional materials, more functions, and multi-modality perceptions. These are what we want to develop. We also need to think about how these materials have evolved, from the past to the present, from now to the future. We need to give it meaningful moves, we also need four limbs, and we can interact. A good model is artificial limbs. In this area we have made great achievements and progress. Then there is intelligence. Our robots should be able to make decisions on their own. Here we can see great progress. This point is controversial. This is a special issue in the IEEE International Institute of Electronics Engineering. It talks about robots and artificial intelligence in the future. Some experts say that robots will not be replaced in 100 years, but there is one more. Optimism, said that by 2029 the intelligence of the machine will be able to reach the intelligence of the human brain. China has "Made in China 2025" and Asimov predicts 2035.

Collaboration is also an important function of the robot as a companion. In the analysis of progress, we can also see that we have now introduced some collaborative robots. This is a real revolution, that is, how robots collaborate and interact with humans. The interaction with human beings is also very important. It is very important from a psychological point of view. It also has an emotional aspect. This is a scene in "I, Robot". This is the behavior of the robot when it wakes up, and it shows that NS5 is bad. The robot can understand human emotions. This is the future we are imagining. It is not only a stable and gradual development, but also hopes for some subversive, accelerated and revolutionary development. Not only does it come from the research field of robots, but it can also come from scientific breakthroughs in other fields, and it can also be achieved through the integration of multiple disciplines. We saw the "Robot Science" magazine before, hoping to have more scientific disciplines. We also underestimated the capabilities of some technologies, such as the ability to sense the physical environment of humidity, temperature, and the like, as well as the sensing technologies inside and outside the robot.

This is a very good example of how science can promote innovation. This scientific discovery eventually became a revolutionary robot for sweeping, called Romba, which is expected to have sales of $800 million in 2017.

The development of robots is certainly risky, but it cannot exaggerate risks too much. Regulators may need to supervise the robotics industry, and there are alternatives to human work, which is also a concern for many people. In essence, the robot is not alone, it will become an interconnected robot group, but there will be a lot of things to do to avoid possible risks. We hope to see more robots that can help us in 2035, so we must devote more energy to R&D. We also need to accelerate the development of the robot industry through disruptive innovation, interact with other fields, and strengthen international cooperation. Especially in education and basic science. We also need to establish very clear international standards, but this is what we need to do in the future, the most basic goal is to let these robots can promote our scientific and technological development.

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