Introduction to DLP technology working principle
1. Semiconductor devices that continue to reshape display technology
At the heart of every DLP® projection system is an optical semiconductor called the DLP® chip, which was invented in 1987 by Dr. Larry Hornbeck of Texas Instruments.
The DLP chip is perhaps the world's most advanced optical switch. The chip consists of a rectangular array with up to 8 million micromirrors mounted by hinges; each of which is less than one-fifth the size of the human hairline.
When used with digital video or graphics signals, light sources, and projection lenses, the DLP chip reflects digital images onto any surface.
2. Grayscale image
The micro-mirror of the DLP chip is tilted toward the light source (ON) in the DLP projection system or away from this light source (OFF). This will form bright or dark pixels on the projection surface.
The bitstream image encoding into the semiconductor will indicate that each lens performs tens of thousands of switching operations per second. When the number of times the lens is opened more than the number of times of closure, the light gray pixels will be reflected; the lenses that are closed more times than the number of open times will reflect the dark gray pixels.
In this way, the lens in the DLP projection system can reflect pixels up to 1,024 gradations, converting video or graphics signals entering the DLP chip into extremely fine grayscale images.
3. Add color
The white light produced by the light source in the DLP projection display system passes through a color filter as it reaches the surface of the DLP chip. The white light is therefore filtered into the simplest red, green and blue colors, while the single-chip DLP projection system produces at least 16.7 million colors based on these three colors.
With BrilliantColorTM technology, you can add more colors, including cyan, magenta, and yellow, to expand color and achieve more vibrant color performance. Many DLP projection display systems offer solid state lighting to replace traditional white light. Therefore, the light source can emit the necessary color, eliminating the need for a color filter. Some DLP systems use a 3-chip architecture, especially in high-brightness projectors where large venue applications such as concert halls and theaters are required. These systems are capable of producing no less than 35 trillion colors.
The on/off status of each micromirror will be closely related to these basic color blocks. For example, a lens responsible for projecting a purple pixel will only reflect red and blue light onto the projection surface; then, the two colors will blend to produce a target hue on the projected image.
4. Application range
From large cinema projection systems to DLP Pico-based handheld mobile displays, DLP technology is the world's most flexible digital display technology. Developers are also constantly using DLP technologies in new ways, such as in industrial, medical, security and automotive solutions.
Regardless of the application or design, DLP-based display systems can solve many real-world problems and make life more exciting. And it all started with a small imaging chip DLP with millions of micromirrors!
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