Motor control designers have recently encountered obstacles in the development of various applications such as household appliances and servo drives, and must choose between controller performance or expensive prices. Since one of the necessary conditions for market acceptance is that the product price should be attractive, most motor control applications themselves are relatively inexpensive. This also means that it is necessary to choose a cheap controller that can achieve the purpose of the work but has limited functions and low precision. DSP-based smart controllers are changing this situation, the deadlock is broken, and the new DSP-based controllers have achieved significant performance improvements at a fairly moderate price.

Simple control algorithms such as voltage Hertz constant and six step commutation are difficult to achieve high efficiency and performance required to optimize the size of the fuselage. The DSP-based intelligent controller changes the above situation in two ways.

First, it adds counting capabilities. This allows designers to implement higher-performance control algorithms, such as field-oriented control. Secondly, more computationally intensive algorithms also allow designers to use more efficient motors. For example, we can replace AC induction motors with permanent magnet motors, which further improves efficiency and dynamic performance.

The so-called "problem" of advanced technologies such as vector control, which is computationally intensive, is that multiplication and accumulation (MAC) operations occupy most of the algorithms. Standard 8, 16 or 32-bit microcontrollers cannot handle the above operations because of the lack of a proper bus architecture to achieve mathematical efficiency. Ultimately, this means that we must fundamentally transform the design, not to DSP, but to a 32-bit controller based on DSP.

It is not surprising that there are many common misunderstandings about the use of DSP controllers, such as:

* DSP controller does not have motor control peripherals;

* The problem of code density makes DSP-based 32-bit systems unacceptable;

* DSP may be better suited for control algorithms, but it cannot handle other control tasks well;

* DSP software is very difficult, designers must endure the pain of no real-time operating system and good tool support.

Let us discuss the above misunderstanding.

Peripheral integration

When it comes to heavy-duty digital signal processing, the first idea that appears in the minds of motor control engineers may be DSP controllers that are good at performing digital calculations--but how to deal with general-purpose integrated peripheral functions?

Today's motor control DSP is optimized for motor control applications, and integrates pulse width modulator (PWM), encoder interface, communication port, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) functions on chip. It also includes a large amount of flash memory and RAM, which eliminates the need for external memory devices.

Code density

In fact, the traditional 32-bit microcontroller architecture has inherent weaknesses in code density, which is a critical issue for low-cost applications with limited memory capacity.

The new 32-bit DSP architecture uses a carefully selected mix of 16-bit and 32-bit instructions to achieve the best code density. Use 32-bit instructions only when needed.

Control-oriented architecture

The best 32-bit DSP controller has functions such as atomic read-modify-write instructions, which simplifies programming, and its interrupt wait time is also short, less than 100 nanoseconds, thus realizing a highly responsive CPU.

software support

The DSP assembler has developed to an advanced level that rarely requires writing assembly code. In addition, algorithm development has become much simpler. Many companies now provide a huge library of commonly used algorithms that can be run on their processors immediately, as well as BIOS, a real-time operating system optimized for DSP.

If you need to customize the algorithm, you can also get help from the company. To create their own algorithms, engineers can use the IQMath tool, which simplifies the development of mathematical functions for fixed-point calculations.

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