: U.S. manufacturing accounted for 12% of the country’s GDP and 9% of the total employed. Nearly 70% of imports and exports from the United States are related to manufacturing. The industry represents an area that is important to the country’s economic health. In the past 40 years, robot applications have made great progress, especially in the automotive industry. Recently, the electronics industry has become the dominant industry. In 2011, robotics sales in the manufacturing industry increased by 44%, which is a clear reason for the recovery of the US production system. In some companies, robotic production systems have been used as facilitators for manufacturing, such as Apple, Lenovo, Tesla, Foxconn, and others. The application of robotics is undergoing a transition from a number of large companies such as GM, Ford, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, etc., to small and medium-sized enterprises, making the manufacture of disposable products explosive.

In "Can robot technology make American manufacturing take off? In the article, we summarized the important position of robotics and automation technology in the U.S. manufacturing industry and in the U.S. economy. We described where robotics and automation technology will greatly increase productivity, and demonstrated a visionary research and development path. The chart enables U.S. national investment to play a role in promoting these key research areas.

The National Science Foundation of the United States promulgated a fifteen-year robotics technology roadmap, with manufacturing as a separate statement. The research plan proposed in the report will significantly enhance the manufacturing economy of the United States. It will help form a well-trained and highly technical production line, create new job opportunities, and will play an important role in the re-emergence of the U.S. economy. effect.

Roadmap research process

The U.S. manufacturing technology roadmap describes the prospects for the development of key capabilities in the manufacturing industry through the development of a series of basic technologies in the field of robotics. Each key capability has evolved from one or more areas that are widely used in manufacturing, and both point to some of the main technical areas of basic R&D (see below). It is very important to integrate the content of the roadmap into a coherent plan.

The influence of robotics on manufacturing

Now we use hypothetical examples to introduce some influential robotic technology applications and key capabilities that have a great positive effect on applications. These hypothetical scenarios help explain the changes in the manufacturing model and are examples of the convergence of capabilities and technologies. This roadmap clarifies the key nodes of each capability in 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years.

Case 1: Pipeline Assistant Robot

Automakers face a surge in orders for their new type of electric vehicles and need to quickly integrate the production capabilities of other early-model automobile production lines that have already been produced. The pipeline quickly redistributed the task to accommodate the new car model. The factory purchased a group of assembly-assisted robots that were quickly set up and began to complete new tasks with human workers. The first job in the assembly line was to fine tune the robot parameters to optimize its sensor system and machine learning algorithms. The second job was to double the factory's production in four days of execution. Immediately thereafter, a key supplier requested changes to the assembly sequence to accommodate the tolerance of the battery pack during assembly. Then the engineer used the calculation tool to quickly modify the assembly program, print it to the worker, and upload the new assembly program to the assembly-assisted robot. This flexible manufacturing industry is gradually entering our lives. For example, in August 2012, Rethink Robotics announced that its $22,000 robot Baxter can be programmed directly from demonstrations without training or training. The reduction in installation and operating costs will change the application of future automation technologies in business cases.

Case 2: Unique Discrete Parts Manufacturing and Assembly

A professional physician came to a small workshop with only 5 employees who mainly accepted orders from medical device companies. He wanted to create a head control input device for a quadriplegic patient in a wheelchair. Today, this special equipment is very expensive because it will take a lot of time and labor to set up the machine to manufacture and assemble it. The owner of this small workshop has a robot that accepts voice and gesture commands and can instruct robots when they do not know how to handle them. This robot can place the processing material on a milling machine or lathe and start the machine, and can set necessary mechanical and electronic components and request assistance when the instruction is ambiguous and inoperable. During movement between different working positions, the robot can clean up coolant leaks and provide safety tips to workers working in tight spaces. The robot can respond to a quick request at work and will not be rejected because the request may delay its main job. Finally, the robot assembles the components and loads the product in the afternoon. Such sudden work only caused minor interruptions to the daily work of the workshop.

Case 3: Fast, Integrated, Model-Based Supply Chain Design

The packaging for infant formula supplied by major foreign suppliers was found to have serious quality control issues. Lead engineers in the United States can use a comprehensive multiscale modular integration supply chain model to introduce new suppliers, reuse the reusable parts of the supply chain, and influence the transformation of the entire supply chain: including production, distribution, packaging, and supply And distribution. The most important part of the entire transition is the 20 robots used for rapid production to redesign the bags.

These examples may seem far away today, but we already have a technical foundation, a large number of professionals, educational infrastructure, and appropriate investments in key technology areas. These foundations will enable us to achieve these goals within 15 years.

Key manufacturing capabilities

In this section, we will briefly discuss the key capabilities of manufacturing, and give the technical nodes that may be reached in 5, 10, and 15 years. In the follow-up content, we will discuss some promising research directions that can enable us to reach the above technical nodes.

Adaptable and reconfigurable production line

Today, the time interval between the conceptual design of a new product and its manufacture on the production line is unacceptably large. For a new car, this time interval can be as long as two years. When faced with a new product and production line subsystem that can be produced, we hope to be able to reconfigure the subsystems and set up workstations to produce new products. Therefore, in the next 15 years, the roadmap with adaptive and reconfigurable production lines includes the following three goals:

Autonomous navigation

Autonomous navigation is a basic capability that will affect the automation of mining and construction equipment, the efficient transportation of raw materials to finished products, the handling of raw materials for loading and unloading on assembly lines, and the automation of guided vehicles that bring finished products to checkpoints, and similar Operation of logistic support for inventory storage and deployment. Enabling robots to autonomously navigate in unstructured environments, including stationary obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, and animals, requires a critical investment in the component technology. The autonomous navigation roadmap contains the following technical nodes:

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