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Analysis of wireless network design and application of ZigBee technology

The ZigBee protocol is a global open standard that provides low-power wireless connectivity for a wide range of applications that enable measurement and control functions. ZigBee enhances IEEE802.15.4 with flexible, scalable network topology, easy-to-install integrated settings, intelligent routing technology, and high fail-safe capabilities. ZigBee also has strict security measures to coexist peacefully with other wireless technologies such as Bluetooth and WiFi in the same work environment.

Communication security and reliability

Communication security and reliability

ZigBee's wireless transmission distance is closely related to the working environment. When the standard wireless control module outputs power at 0dBm, the outdoor working distance can reach 450 meters, but indoors, due to the absorption, reflection, diffraction, standing wave and other effects of walls and other objects, the distance is greatly shortened; the output power is greater than 15dBm power module. The working distance can be increased by about 10 times. In addition, the mesh shape and cluster tree topology can further increase the working distance. Since communication is subject to wireless interference and poor transmission/reception conditions, ZigBee uses multiple techniques to ensure communication reliability. First, the ZigBee network uses an encoding mechanism for wireless transmission. The Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation technique is employed in the 2.4 GHz band, while converting 4-bit data symbols into 32-bit chip sequences. In this way, even if there are other wireless signals in the same channel and at the same time, the ZigBee message can reach the destination completely. Second, its transmission uses carrier sense and multi-point access schemes with collision avoidance. Simply put, the node first listens to the channel before sending it to see if it is unblocked. If the channel is working, the node will listen again after the delay, and this will be repeated until the channel is smooth. Second, after the message arrives at the destination, the receiving device sends an acknowledgment signal to indicate that the message has been received. If the sending device does not receive an acknowledgment signal, it will resend the original message within a certain time interval.

ZigBee has a “safety toolbox” to provide high security. The main measures are:

Access control list: Only predefined "friendly" nodes can join the network;

128-bit AES-based encryption technology: A highly secure key-based encryption system, some wireless microcontrollers also have hardware security features.

· Message update timer: rejects the timeout message to prevent the intrusion message from attacking the network.

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